鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�2020骞村窎鍦熷伐绋嬪斧銆婂熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬪京(f霉)缈�(x铆)璩囨枡鍖附

妯�(bi膩o)婧栨矮闆绘サ锛�

妯�(bi膩o)婧栨矮闆绘サ 妯�(bi膩o)婧栭浕妤甸浕鍕� 鍘熼浕姹犻浕鍕曞嫝 闆诲嫊鍕㈢殑鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋嬪強闆诲嫊鍕㈢殑瑷堢畻 闆绘サ闆诲嫝鐨勮兘鏂壒鏂圭▼鍙婇浕妤甸浕鍕㈢殑瑷堢畻

1.闆绘サ闆诲嫝锛氶噾灞�(鎴栭潪閲戝爆)鑸囨憾娑蹭腑鑷韩闆㈠瓙閬斿埌骞宠　鏅傜敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑闆诲嫝绋遍浕妤电殑闆绘サ闆诲嫝锛屼互φ琛ㄧず銆�

2.妯�(bi膩o)婧栭浕妤甸浕鍕�: 闆绘サ铏曞湪妯�(bi膩o)婧栫媭鎱�(t脿i)(姘ｉ珨鍒嗗鐐�100kPa,闆㈠瓙婵冨害鐐�1mol.dm-3)鏅傜殑闆绘サ闆诲嫝,浠�φθ琛ㄧず銆�

(1)妯�(bi膩o)婧栨矮闆绘サ锛氳(gu墨)瀹氬湪浠讳綍婧害涓嬫(bi膩o)婧栨矮闆绘サ鐨勯浕妤甸浕鍕㈢偤闆�锛屽嵆φθ(H+/H2)=0.0000V

妯�(bi膩o)婧栨矮闆绘サ鐐篜t锔盚2(100kPa)锔盚+(1mol.dm-3)

(2)妯�(bi膩o)婧栭浕妤甸浕鍕�φθ锛氬皣寰呮脯闆绘サ鑸囨(bi膩o)婧栨矮闆绘サ绲勬垚鍘熼浕姹�,鍙眰寰呮脯闆绘サ鐨勬(bi膩o)婧栭浕妤甸浕鍕�銆�

瑾槑锛�

1) 闆绘サ闆诲嫝鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭韩搴︿笅鐐轰竴甯告暩(sh霉),涓嶉毃闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)褰㈠紡鐨勬敼璁婅€岃畩.渚嬶細

Cu2++2e=Cu,φθ=+0.34V;Cu -2e = Cu2+,φθ=+0.34V

2) 闆绘サ闆诲嫝涓嶉毃闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)瑷堥噺绯绘暩(sh霉)鐨勬敼璁婅€岃畩鍖栥€備緥锛�

闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛欳u2++2e=Cu,φθ=+0.34V锛�

闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�2Cu= 2Cu2++4e锛�φθ=+0.34V

(3)鍘熼浕姹犻浕鍕曞嫝锛欵=φ(+)-φ(—);

鍘熼浕姹犳(bi膩o)婧栭浕鍕曞嫝锛欵θ=φθ(+)-φθ(—)

闆绘サ闆诲嫝φ楂樼殑闆绘サ浣滄妤�锛岄浕妤甸浕鍕�φ浣庣殑闆绘サ浣滆矤妤碉紝E>0锛屽師闆绘睜姝ｅ父宸ヤ綔锛岄浕娴佸緸姝ｆサ娴佸悜璨犳サ銆�

(4)鍙冩瘮闆绘サ锛氱敱浜庢(bi膩o)婧栨矮闆绘サ瑕佹眰姘埃绱斿害楂�銆佸鍔涚┅(w臎n)瀹�,骞朵笖閴戝湪婧舵恫涓槗鍚搁檮鍏朵粬绲勫垎鑰屽け鍘绘椿鎬�銆傚洜姝�,瀵﹂殯涓婂父浣跨敤鏄撲簬鍒跺倷銆侀浕妤甸浕鍕㈢┅(w臎n)瀹氱殑鐢樻睘闆绘サ鎴栨隘鍖栭妧闆绘サ浣滈浕妤甸浕鍕㈢殑灏嶆瘮鍙冭€�,绋辩偤鍙冩瘮闆绘サ銆�

3.闆诲嫊鍕㈢殑鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋�:

鍘熼浕姹犲弽鎳�(y墨ng): aA+bB=gG+dD, 298K鏅�

E=Eθ- lg

鍏朵腑锛欳θ=1moldm-3 ,鍙渷鐣�;

Eθ=φθ(+)-φθ(—)

鍙,闅ㄥ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯€茶,鍘熼浕姹犵殑闆诲嫊鍕㈠皣涓嶆柗娓涘皯.

渚嬶細姹傚弽鎳�(y墨ng)Ni(s)+ Cu2+(1.0moldm-3) = Ni2+ +(0.1moldm-3) + Cu(s)绲勬垚鐨勯浕姹犻浕鍕曞嫝銆俲 ?(Cu2+ / Cu)=0.3419V;j ?(Ni2+ / Ni)=—0銆�257V;

4.闆绘サ闆诲嫝鐨勮兘鏂壒鏂圭▼:

灏嶄换鎰忕郸瀹氱殑闆绘サa(姘у寲鎱�(t脿i))+ne—=b(閭勫師鎱�(t脿i)),298K鏅�

φ=φθ+ lg

鍏朵腑,Cθ=1mol.dm-3, 鍙渷鐣�.浣跨敤鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋嬫噳(y墨ng)娉ㄦ剰锛�

(1)鍙冨姞闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)鑻ユ槸绱旂墿璩�(zh矛)鎴栫磾娑查珨锛屽墖瑭茬墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勬績搴︿綔鐐哄父鏁�(sh霉)1銆�

(2)鑻ラ浕妤靛弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓煇鐗╄唱(zh矛)鏄埃楂旓紝鍓囩敤鐩稿皪鍒嗗 浠ｆ浛鐩稿皪婵冨害

(3)灏嶄簬鏈塇+鎴朞H-鍙冨姞鐨勯浕妤靛弽鎳�(y墨ng),鍏舵績搴﹀強鍏惰▓閲忕郴鏁�(sh霉)涔熸噳(y墨ng)瀵叆鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋�.濡�,

闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng): MnO4- + 8H + +5e- → Mn2 ++4H2O , 鍏惰兘鏂壒鏂圭▼鐐�:

鍙婧舵恫pH鍊煎皪鍚哀閰搁菇鐨勯浕妤甸浕浣嶅奖闊垮緢澶�.

(4)鎿�(j霉)闆绘サ闆诲嫝鐨勮兘鏂壒鏂圭▼,姹傚嚭姝�銆佽矤妤电殑闆绘サ闆诲嫝,鍐嶆摎(j霉)E=φ(+)-φ(—),閫蹭竴姝ュ彲姹傚嚭鍘熼浕姹犻浕鍕曞嫝.

浠ヤ笂鍏�(n猫i)瀹规槸2020骞村窎鍦熷伐绋嬪斧銆婂熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬭€冮粸:妯�(bi膩o)婧栨矮闆绘サ锛屾煡鐪嬪窎鍦熷伐绋嬪斧鑰冭│鍌欒€冨収(n猫i)瀹瑰彲榛炴搳鏂囩珷涓嬫柟"榛炴搳鍏嶈不涓嬭級>>>宸栧湡宸ョ▼甯│椤�/鑰冮粸绮捐彲"锛屾洿澶氬厤璨诲収(n猫i)瀹圭洝鍦ㄥ叾涓�...

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