19涓栫磤(j矛)涓嬪崐钁夎嚦20涓栫磤(j矛)鍒濆皪鏂板缓绛戠殑鎺㈡眰

涓€銆佸伐钘濈編琛�(sh霉)閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)

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浠ｈ〃浣滃搧锛氶瓘甯�(Webb)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐨勮帿閲屾柉鐨勪綇瀹�“绱呭眿”锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)浣跨敤瑕佹眰甯冪疆锛岀敤绱呯寤洪€狅紝灏囧姛鑳芥潗鏂欒垏钘濊(sh霉)閫犲瀷绲�(ji茅)鍚堢殑鍢楄│銆�

浜屻€佹柊钘濊(sh霉)閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)

19涓栫磤(j矛)80骞翠唬闁嬪浜庢瘮鍒╂檪(sh铆)甯冮濉炵埦锛屼富寮靛壍(chu脿ng)閫犱竴绋墠鎵€鏈湁鐨勶紝鑳介仼鎳�(y墨ng)宸ユキ(y猫)鏅�(sh铆)浠ｇ簿绁炵殑绨″寲瑁濋＞锛屽弽灏嶆鍙插紡妯�锛岀洰鐨勬槸鎯宠В姹哄缓绛戝拰宸ヨ棟鏅剁殑钘濊(sh霉)棰�(f膿ng)鏍煎晱椤屻€傚叾瑁濋＞涓婚鏄ā浠胯嚜鐒剁敓闀疯崏鏈ㄥ舰鐙€鐨勬洸绶�锛屽苟澶ч噺浣跨敤渚夸簬鍒朵綔鏇茬窔鐨勯惖妲�(g貌u)浠�銆傚叾寤虹瓚鐗瑰緛涓昏琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ鍏�(n猫i)锛屽褰竴鑸啊娼斻€傞€欑ó鏀归潻鍙眬闄愪簬钘濊(sh霉)褰㈠紡鑸囪椋炬墜娉�锛屾矑鑳借В姹哄缓绛戝舰寮忚垏鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭殑闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紝浠ュ強鑸囨柊鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭祼(ji茅)鍚堝晱椤岋紝鏄湪褰㈠紡涓婂弽灏嶅偝绲�(t菕ng)褰㈠紡銆備唬琛ㄤ汉鐗╁強浣滃搧锛�

1.姣斿埄鏅�(sh铆)鐨勯湇濉�(Horta)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐨勫竷榄鐖鹃兘闈堣矾12铏�(h脿o)浣忓畢銆�

2.寰峰湅鐨勯潚骞撮ⅷ(f膿ng)鏍兼淳锛屽ェ鍒ュ垪濂�(Albfich)鐨勮矾寰风董甯屽睍瑕介え銆�

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4.瑗跨彮鐗欑殑鎴堣开(Gaudi)宸村缇呯磵绫虫媺鍏瘬锛屽湥瀹舵棌鏁欏爞銆�

涓�銆佸ェ鍦板埄銆佽嵎铇�銆佽姮铇殑鎺㈢储

(涓€)濂у湴鍒�

浠ョ摝鏍肩磵(Wagner)鐐洪锛岃獚(r猫n)鐐烘柊绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏂版潗鏂欏繀灏�(d菐o)鑷存柊褰㈠紡鍑虹従(xi脿n)锛屽弽灏嶄娇鐢ㄦ鍙插紡妯�銆傚叾浠ｈ〃浣滃搧濡傜董涔熺磵鍦颁笅閻甸亾杌婄珯鍜岄兊鏀垮劜(ch菙)钃勯妧琛�銆�

缍篃绱嶅(xu茅)娲句腑鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎浜烘垚绔嬩簡“鍒嗛洟娲�”锛屽甯冨悓閬庡幓鐨勫偝绲�(t菕ng)姹鸿銆備唬琛ㄤ汉鐗╂槸濂у垾鍒楀鍜岄湇澶浖(Hoffinann)銆備唬琛ㄤ綔鍝佹槸鍦ㄧ董涔熺磵鐨勫垎闆㈡淳灞曡椁�(濂у垾鍒楀)鍜屾柉鎵樺厠钀婂叕椁�(闇嶅か鏇�)銆傜董涔熺磵鐨勫彟涓€浣嶅缓绛戝斧璺柉(Loos)瑾�(r猫n)鐐哄缓绛�“涓嶆槸渚濋潬瑁濋＞锛岃€屾槸浠ュ舰楂旇嚜韬箣缇庣偤缇�”锛屽弽灏嶆妸寤虹瓚鍒椾汉钘濊(sh霉)鑼冪枃锛屼富寮靛缓绛戜互瀵�(sh铆)鐢ㄧ偤涓伙紝鐢氳嚦瑾�(r猫n)鐐�“瑁濋＞鏄姜鎯�”锛屽挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)寤虹瓚鐗╃殑姣斾緥銆備唬琛ㄤ綔鏄缓鍦ㄧ董涔熺磵鐨勬柉鍧︾磵(Steiner)浣忓畢銆�

(浜�)鑽疯槶

鍙嶅皪鎶樹腑涓荤京锛屾彁鍊�“鍑堝寲”寤虹瓚锛屼富寮佃〃鐝�(xi脿n)寤虹瓚閫犲瀷鐨勭啊娼旀槑蹇強鏉愭枡璩�(zh矛)鎰�銆傝嵎铇殑璨濈埦鎷夋牸(Berlage)浠ｈ〃浣滃搧鐐洪樋濮嗘柉鐗逛腹璀夊埜浜ゆ槗鎵€銆�

(涓�)鑺槶

鑺槶鐨勬矙閲屽(Saarinen)浠ｈ〃浣滅偤璧埦杈涘熀鐨勭伀杌婄珯銆�

鍥�銆佺編鍦嬭姖鍔犲摜瀛�(xu茅)娲�(19涓栫磤(j矛)70骞翠唬)

鏄編鍦嬬従(xi脿n)浠ｅ缓绛戠殑濂犲熀鑰�銆傚伐绋嬫妧琛�(sh霉)涓婂壍(chu脿ng)閫犱簡楂樺堡閲戝爆妗嗘灦绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀褰㈠熀绀�(ch菙)銆傚缓绛戦€犲瀷涓婅定鍚戠啊娼�锛屽苟鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犵崹(d煤)鐗圭殑棰�(f膿ng)鏍笺€�

(1)鍓�(chu脿ng)濮嬩汉鏄伐绋嬪斧瑭瑰凹(Jenney)

(2)浠ｈ〃浜虹墿锛氭矙鍒╂枃(Sullivan)鎻愬嚭“褰㈠紡杩介毃鍔熻兘”鐨勫彛铏�(h脿o)銆傜偤鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｄ富缇╃殑寤虹瓚瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎬濇兂闁嬭緹浜嗛亾璺�銆備粬鎻愬嚭浜嗛珮灞よ睛鍏〒寤虹瓚椤炲瀷鍦ㄥ姛鑳戒笂鐨勭壒寰�銆傚叾鎬濇兂鍦ㄧ暥(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)鍏锋湁閲嶅ぇ鐨勯€�(j矛n)姝ユ剰缇�銆�

(3)浠ｈ〃浣滃搧锛氳姖鍔犲摜鐧捐波鍏徃澶у粓銆傚叾绔嬮潰閲囩敤浜�“鑺濆姞鍝ョ獥”褰㈠紡鐨勭恫(w菐ng)鏍煎紡铏曠悊銆�

浜�銆侀嫾绛嬫贩鍑濆湡鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�

1850骞存硶鍦嬪缓绛戝斧鎷夊竷榄柉鐗�(Labmuste)鍦ㄥ反榛庡湥鏃ュ収(n猫i)缍焹澶湒鏇搁え鎷遍爞鐢ㄤ氦閷�(cu貌)鐨勯惖绛嬪拰娣峰嚌鍦熺殑鎴愬姛锛岀偤杩戜唬閶肩瓔娣峰嚌鍦熷瀹氫簡鍩虹(ch菙)銆�

1890骞翠互鍚�锛岄嫾绛嬫贩鍑濆湡鍦ㄥ缓绛戜腑寰楀埌寤ｆ硾鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

娉曞湅寤虹瓚甯寘鏉�(Baudot)寤虹殑宸撮粠钂欑應鐖剧壒(Montmartre)鏁欏爞鏄涓€鍊�(g猫)鐢ㄩ嫾绛嬫贩鍑濆湡妗嗘灦绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寤洪€犵殑鏁欏爞(1894骞�)銆�

娉曞湅寤虹瓚甯矟鐟�(Perret)寤洪€犵殑宸撮粠瀵岃槶鍏嬫灄璺�25铏�(h脿o)鍏瘬(1903骞�)锛岄緪娉拌矾杌婂韩 (1905骞�)锛岄’绀哄嚭閶肩瓔娣峰嚌鍦熸柊绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮棟琛�(sh霉)琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍔�銆傜憺澹伐绋嬪斧棣簽(Maillart)鍦ㄨ槆榛庝笘寤洪€犱簡绗竴搴х劇姊佹〒钃嬪€夊韩(1910骞�)銆�

鍏�銆佸痉鎰忓織鍒堕€犺伅(li谩n)鐩�

鏄�19涓栫磤(j矛)鏈�20涓栫磤(j矛)鍒濆痉鍦嬪缓绛戦牁(l菒ng)鍩熼噷鍓�(chu脿ng)鏂版椿鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勯噸瑕佸姏閲�銆�

(涓€)浠ｈ〃浜虹墿

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(浜�)浠ｈ〃浣滃搧

寰峰湅閫氱敤闆绘埃鍏徃閫忓钩姗�(j墨)杌婇枔(鏌忔灄)锛岀偤鎺㈡眰鏂板缓绛戣捣浜嗙ず鑼冧綔鐢紝鎴愮偤“鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ缓绛�”鐨勯洓褰�锛岄噷绋嬬寮忕殑寤虹瓚锛岀敱璨濆€柉瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)銆傚痉鎰忓織鍒堕€犺伅(li谩n)鐩熷睍瑕芥渻(hu矛)杈﹀叕妯�(绉戦殕)鐢辨牸缇呯毊鐑忔柉瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)銆�

(涓�)涓诲嫉

寤虹瓚鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鏄湡瀵�(sh铆)鐨�锛岀従(xi脿n)浠ｇ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鍦ㄥ缓绛戜腑琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍑轰締锛屼互鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸柊鐨勫缓绛戝舰寮�銆�

(鍥�)浜烘墠鍩归(y菐ng)

钁楀悕鐨勭涓€浠ｇ従(xi脿n)浠ｄ富缇╁ぇ甯牸缇呯毊鐑忔柉銆佸瘑鏂�.鍑�.寰�.缇�銆佸嫆.鏌竷瑗胯€堕兘鍏堝悗鍦ㄥ叾寤虹瓚浜嬪嫏(w霉)鎵€宸ヤ綔锛岀偤鍏跺悗渚嗙殑鐧�(f膩)灞曞瀹氫簡鍩虹(ch菙)銆�

渚嬶細

1.瑾�(r猫n)鐐烘柊绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏂版潗鏂欏繀灏�(d菐o)鑷存柊褰㈠紡鍑虹従(xi脿n)锛屽弽灏嶄娇鐢ㄦ鍙插紡妯ｇ殑鏄�?(A)

A鐡︽牸绱� B 闇嶅か鏇� C 鑹炬．鏇� D 娌欓噷瀵�

2.寰锋剰蹇楀埗閫犺伅(li谩n)鐩熺殑浠ｈ〃浜烘槸瑾�?(B)

A 灞堢背 B 褰煎緱·璨濆€柉 C 鏍奸浄澶柉 D鑹炬．鏇�