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Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 3

The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain," for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.

In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking - something that is not available on the Internet. "I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.

Still other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J. Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer -savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.

"There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs," observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm. "It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know."

31. Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will

A. analyze information in detail

B. collect information efficiently

C. switch its focus of memory

D. extend its memory duration

銆愮瓟妗堛€� C

32.The process of "cognitive offloading

A. helps us identify false information

B. keeps our memory from failing

C. enables us to classify trivial facts

D. lessens our memory burdens

銆愮瓟妗堛€� D

33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?

A. It may reform our learning approach

B. It may impact our society negatively

C. It may enhance our adaptability to technology

D. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking

銆愮瓟妗堛€� A

34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?

A. requires further academic research

B. is most studies in older adults

C. is reflected in our reading speed

D. depends on our web-surfing habits

銆愮瓟妗堛€� A

35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that

A. our reliance on the Internet will be costly

B. the Internet is weakening our memory

C. memory exercise is a must for our brain

D. our ability to focus declines with age

銆愮瓟妗堛€� B

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