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2銆佺従(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨舰鎴愮殑姝峰彶娣垫簮

鐞嗚珫鍩虹(ch菙)--绌烘兂绀炬渻(hu矛)涓荤京

婧愯嚜鑾埦 "鐑忔墭閭�"姒傚康

浠ｈ〃浜虹墿--姝愭枃銆佸倕绔嬭憠銆�

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1.宸撮粠鏀瑰缓锛�

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2.鍩庡競缇庡寲锛�

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濂у鏂壒--绱愮磩涓ぎ鍏湌銆�

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(浜�)鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冩棭鏈熸€濇兂(鐔熸倝)

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姒傚康锛氱敯鍦掑煄甯傛槸鐐哄仴搴�銆佺敓娲诲強鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐨勫煄甯�锛屽叾瑕�(gu墨)妯¤冻浠ユ彁渚涜睈瀵岀殑绀炬渻(hu矛)鐢熸椿锛屽洓鍛ㄨ鏈夋案涔呮€ц静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鍦板付鍦嶇篂锛屽煄甯傚湡鍦版鍏溇鎵€鏈�锛岀敱濮斿摗鏈�(hu矛)鍙楁墭绠＄悊銆�

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鐢板湌鍩庡競瀵�(sh铆)韪愶細钀婂竟娌冩柉锛岀敱鎭╂韩銆佸笗鍏嬭ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瀹屾垚锛岀涓€搴х敯鍦掑煄甯�銆�

2銆佹煰甯冭タ鍩冪殑鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝ō(sh猫)鎯�

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鏌竷瑗垮焹鐨勫叐鍊�(g猫)鏂规 "鏄庡ぉ鍩庡競"鍜�"鍏夎紳鍩庡競"锛岄珨鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗煄甯傞泦涓櫦(f膩)灞曠殑鎬濇兂銆�

"鏄庡ぉ鍩庡競"瑕�(gu墨)鍔冩柟妗�

1922骞寸櫦(f膩)琛� "鏄庡ぉ鍩庡競"瑕�(gu墨)鍔冩柟妗堬細闂¤堪浜嗕粬寰炲姛鑳藉拰鐞嗘€ц搴﹀嚭鐧�(f膩)灏�(du矛)鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傜殑鍩烘湰瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)锛屽緸鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ缓绛戦亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勬€濇疆涓紩鐧�(f膩)浜嗛棞(gu膩n)浜庣従(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪殑鍩烘湰妲�(g貌u)鎬濄€�

300钀汉鍙ｇ殑鍩庡競鐨勮(gu墨)鍔冩柟妗堬細

"鍏夎紳鍩庡競"瑕�(gu墨)鍔冩柟妗�

1931骞寸櫦(f膩)琛� "鍏夎紳鍩庡競"瑕�(gu墨)鍔冩柟妗�锛岄€欎竴鏂规鏄粬鎬濇兂闆嗕腑楂旂従(xi脿n)锛氬煄甯傚繀闋堥泦涓�锛屽彧鏈夐泦涓殑鍩庡競鎵嶆湁鐢熷懡鍔�銆傚煄甯傛搧鎿犲晱椤屽彲浠ラ€氶亷鎶€琛�(sh霉)鎵嬫瑙ｆ焙锛屽嵆澶ч噺楂樺堡寤虹瓚+鍦伴惖鍜屼汉杌婂垎闆㈤珮鏁堢巼浜ら€氱郴绲�(t菕ng)銆�

瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨(sh铆)韪�--20涓栫磤(j矛)50骞翠唬鏄岃开鍔犵埦瑕�(gu墨)鍔�

灏忕祼(ji茅)锛�

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鑰屾煰甯冭タ鍩冨墖鎸囨湜閫氶亷灏�(du矛)澶у煄甯傜祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯噸绲�锛屽湪浜哄彛閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ラ泦涓殑鍩虹(ch菙)涓�锛屽湪鍩庡競鍏�(n猫i)閮ㄨВ姹哄煄甯傚晱椤�銆傚緸寤虹瓚甯殑瑙掑害鍑虹櫦(f膩)锛岄棞(gu膩n)蹇冨缓绛戝拰宸ョ▼锛屼互鐗╄唱(zh矛)绌洪枔鐨勬敼閫犱締鏀归€犳暣鍊�(g猫)绀炬渻(hu矛)銆�

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3銆佸叾浠栫殑鐞嗚珫鎺㈢储

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鈶″煄甯傜祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氱敱閻佃矾鍜屽共閬撲覆鑱�(li谩n)鍦ㄤ竴璧风殑銆侀€ｇ犊涓嶆柗鐨勯暦(zh菐ng)姊濆舰寤虹瓚鍦板付銆�

鈶㈢洰鐨勶細鏃㈠彲浜彈鍩庡競鍨嬬殑瑷�(sh猫)鏂藉張涓嶈劔闆㈣嚜鐒�銆�

鈶ｅ(sh铆)韪� "灏�(du矛)鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨拰寤鸿ō(sh猫)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶簡閲嶈褰遍熆锛屽湪鏂ぇ鏋楁牸鍕掔瓑鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨(sh铆)韪愪腑寰楀埌閬�(y霉n)鐢�;鍝ユ湰鍝堟牴(1948骞�)鎸囩媭寮忕櫦(f膩)灞�銆佸反榛�(1971骞�)杌稿悜寤朵几绛夐兘鏄窔褰㈠煄甯傛ā寮忕殑鐧�(f膩)灞�銆�

(2)鎴堟秴鐨勫伐妤�(y猫)鍩庡競

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(3)瑗胯鐨勫煄甯傚舰鎱�(t脿i)鐮旂┒

鍘熷墖锛氫互纰哄畾鐨勮棟琛�(sh霉)鏂瑰紡褰㈡垚鍩庡競寤鸿ō(sh猫)

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鈶″湪缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鍜岃棟琛�(sh霉)涔嬮枔锛屽煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冧笉鑳借蛋鍚戜换涓€妤电锛氬湪涓昏寤ｅ牬(ch菐ng)鍜岃閬撶殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)涓挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)钘濊(sh霉)甯冨眬锛屽湪娆¤鍦板崁(q奴)鍓囧挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鍦熷湴鐨勬渶缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)浣跨敤銆�

(4)鏍艰开鏂�(鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)瀹�)鐨勫(xu茅)瑾�

鏍艰开鏂挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)浜鸿垏鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑鐩镐簰闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屼汉椤炲眳浣忓湴鑸囩壒瀹氬湴榛�(di菐n)涔嬮枔瀛樺湪钁椾竴绋凡缍�(j墨ng)瀛樺湪鐨�锛岀敱鍦版柟缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鎵€姹哄畾鐨勫収(n猫i)鍦ㄨ伅(li谩n)绯�锛屽洜姝ゅ牬(ch菐ng)鎵€銆佸伐浣滃拰浜烘槸绲�(ji茅)鍚堢偤涓€楂旂殑銆�

1915骞村嚭鐗堛€婇€�(j矛n)鍖栦腑鐨勫煄甯傘€�锛屾妸灏�(du矛)鍩庡競鐨勭爺绌跺缓绔嬪湪瀹㈣浜嬪(sh铆)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涔嬩笂锛屾妸鑷劧鍦板崁(q奴)浣滅偤瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪爺绌剁殑鍩烘湰妗嗘灦銆�

鈶犳妸鑷劧鍦板崁(q奴)浣滅偤瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪爺绌剁殑鍩烘湰妗嗘灦锛屽皣鍩庡競鍜岄剦(xi膩ng)鏉戠殑瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪磵鍏ュ埌鍚屼竴楂旂郴涔嬩腑锛屼娇瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨寘鎷嫢骞插€�(g猫)鍩庡競浠ュ強瀹冨€戝懆鍦嶆墍褰遍熆鐨勬暣鍊�(g猫)鍦板崁(q奴)銆傞€欎竴鎬濇兂缍�(j墨ng)缇庡湅(gu贸)瀛�(xu茅)鑰呰姃绂忓痉绛変汉鐨勭櫦(f膩)鎻�(y谩ng)鍏夊ぇ锛屽舰鎴愪簡灏�(du矛)鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑缍滃悎鐮旂┒鍜屽崁(q奴)鍩熻(gu墨)鍔冦€�

鈶℃彁鍑哄煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪殑宸ヤ綔妯″紡--瑾�(di脿o)鏌�-鍒嗘瀽-瑕�(gu墨)鍔�銆�

鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冩€濇兂鐨勬紨璁�

(涓�)鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冩€濇兂鐨勬紨璁�(鐔熸倝)

銆婇泤鍏告啿绔犮€嬨€併€婇Μ涓樻瘮涓樻啿绔犮€嬪熀鏈笂鏄皪(du矛)鐣�(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)鐨勮(gu墨)鍔冩€濇兂閫�(j矛n)琛岀附绲�(ji茅)锛岀劧鍚庡皪(du矛)鏈締鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曟寚鍑轰竴浜涢噸瑕佺殑鏂瑰悜锛屾垚鐐哄煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪櫦(f膩)灞曠殑姝峰彶鎬ф枃浠�锛屽緸涓垜鍊戝彲浠ヨ拷韫ゅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冩暣楂旂殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡剤绲�(lu貌)锛屽缓绔嬭捣鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪悊璜栫櫦(f膩)灞曠殑鍩烘湰妗嗘灦銆�

1銆併€婇泤鍏告啿绔犮€�(1933骞�)

鑳屾櫙锛�20涓栫磤(j矛)涓婂崐钁�锛岀従(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨熀鏈笂鏄湪寤虹瓚瀛�(xu茅)鐨勯牁(l菒ng)鍩熷収(n猫i)閬�(d谩)鍒扮櫦(f膩)灞曠殑锛岀敋鑷冲彲浠ヨ锛岀従(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪殑鐧�(f膩)灞曟槸杩介毃鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ缓绛戦亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鑰屽睍闁�銆傚湪鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪殑鐧�(f膩)灞曚腑璧峰埌浜嗛噸瑕佷綔鐢ㄧ殑銆婇泤鍏告啿绔犮€嬩篃鏄敱鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ缓绛戦亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勫缓绛戝斧鎵€鍒跺畾锛屽弽鏄犵殑鏄従(xi脿n)浠ｅ缓绛戦亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)灏�(du矛)鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪殑鍩烘湰瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)鍜屾€濇兂瑙€榛�(di菐n)銆傞亱(y霉n)鐢ㄤ簡杩戜唬鐞嗘€т富缇╃殑瑙€蹇�銆�

鐞嗚珫鎬濇兂锛氫汉姘戠殑鍒╃泭鏄煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪殑鍩虹(ch菙)锛屼互浜虹殑灏哄害鍜岄渶瑕佷締浼伴噺鍔熻兘鐨勫垎鍗€(q奴)鍜屽竷灞€锛岀偤鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑鐧�(f膩)灞曟寚鏄庝簡浠ヤ汉鐐烘湰鐨勬柟鍚�銆�

鎬濇兂鍩虹(ch菙)锛氬鍩轰簬鐗╄唱(zh矛)绌洪枔姹哄畾璜栫殑鍩虹(ch菙)涔嬩笂锛岃獚(r猫n)鐐洪€氶亷鐗╄唱(zh矛)绌洪枔璁婇噺鐨勬帶鍒讹紝浠ュ舰鎴愯壇濂界殑鐠�(hu谩n)澧�锛屽墖鍙嚜鍕�(d貌ng)鍦拌В姹哄煄甯備腑鐨勭ぞ鏈�(hu矛)銆佺稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)銆佹斂娌诲晱椤岋紝淇冮€�(j矛n)鍩庡競鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曞拰閫�(j矛n)姝�銆�

鎬濇兂鏂规硶锛氭彁鍑哄姛鑳藉垎鍗€(q奴)锛岃獚(r猫n)鐐哄眳浣�銆佸伐浣�銆佹父鎲╁拰浜ら€氭槸鍩庡競鐨勫洓澶у熀鏈椿鍕�(d貌ng)銆傚畠渚濇摎(j霉)鍩庡競娲诲嫊(d貌ng)灏�(du矛)鍩庡競鍦熷湴浣跨敤閫�(j矛n)琛屽妰鍒�锛岀獊鐮翠簡閬庡幓杩芥眰鍦栭潰鏁堟灉鍜岀┖闁撴埃姘涚殑灞€闄�锛屽紩灏�(d菐o)瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨悜绉戝(xu茅)鐨勬柟鍚戠櫦(f膩)灞曘€�

鍔熻兘鍒嗗崁(q奴)鍙婂叾涔嬮枔鐨勬(j墨)姊拌伅(li谩n)绯伙細寰炲皪(du矛)鍩庡競鏁撮珨鐨勫垎鏋愬叆鎵�锛屽皪(du矛)鍩庡競娲诲嫊(d貌ng)閫�(j矛n)琛屽垎瑙ｏ紝鍦ㄦ彮绀哄晱椤岀殑鍩虹(ch菙)涓婃彁鍑烘敼閫�(j矛n)寤鸿锛屽皣鍚勫€�(g猫)閮ㄥ垎绲�(ji茅)鍚堝湪涓€璧峰京(f霉)鍘熸垚鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)瀹屾暣鐨勫煄甯傘€�(鍦ㄥ嵃搴︽柊鍩庡競鏄岃开鍔犵埦鐨勮(gu墨)鍔冧腑锛屽緱鍒颁簡鍏烽珨瀵�(sh铆)韪�)

鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑鍩烘湰浠诲嫏(w霉)锛氬埗瀹氳(gu墨)鍔冩柟妗堬紝寤虹珛鍚勫姛鑳藉垎鍗€(q奴)鍦ㄧ祩妤电媭鎱�(t脿i)涓嬬殑 "骞宠　鐙€鎱�(t脿i)"鍜�"鏈€鍚堥仼鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�"銆傚煄甯傜湅鎴愪竴绋敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑鍓�(chu脿ng)閫狅紝鐗╄唱(zh矛)绌洪枔瑕�(gu墨)鍔冩垚鐐哄煄甯傚缓瑷�(sh猫)鐨勮棈(l谩n)鍦�銆�

銆愪緥椤屻€戙€婇泤鍏告啿绔犮€嬬殑鎬濇兂鍩虹(ch菙)鏄�(銆€)

A.浠ヤ汉鐐烘湰锛屽姛鑳藉垎鍗€(q奴)

B.鐗╄唱(zh矛)绌洪枔姹哄畾璜�

C.缍滃悎澶氬姛鑳�

D.澶х溇鍙冭垏

绛旀锛欱

2銆併€婇Μ涓樻瘮涓樻啿绔犮€�(1977骞�)

鑳屾櫙锛氬舰鍕�(sh矛)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曡畩鍖栵紝瑕侀€�(j矛n)琛屼慨姝�銆備簬1977骞村湪绉橀?sh霉)鐫︻帪R鍙枊浜嗗湅(gu贸)闅涙€у(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)鏈�(hu矛)璀�锛屽湪棣笜姣斾笜灞变笂绨界讲浜嗐€婇Μ涓樻瘮涓樻啿绔犮€�銆�

(1)寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)浜鸿垏浜轰箣闁撶殑鐩镐簰闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽苟灏囦箣瑕栫偤鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑鍩烘湰浠诲嫏(w霉)銆�

(2)鎽掓浜嗐€婇泤鍏告啿绔犮€嬫(j墨)姊颁富缇╁拰鐗╄唱(zh矛)绌洪枔姹哄畾璜栫殑鎬濇兂鍩虹煶锛屽鎻�(y谩ng)绀炬渻(hu矛)鏂囧寲璜栫殑鍩烘湰鎬濇兂銆傚叾涓ぞ鏈�(hu矛)鏂囧寲璜栬獚(r猫n)鐐�锛岀墿璩�(zh矛)绌洪枔鍙槸褰遍熆鍩庡競鐢熸椿鐨勪竴闋�(xi脿ng)璁婇噺锛岃€屼笖閫欎竴璁婇噺骞朵笉鑳借捣姹哄畾鎬х殑浣滅敤锛岃€岃捣姹哄畾鎬т綔鐢ㄧ殑鎳�(y墨ng)瑭叉槸鍩庡競涓悇浜洪缇ら珨鐨勬枃鍖栥€佺ぞ鏈�(hu矛)浜ゅ線妯″紡鍜屾斂娌荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

(3)銆婇Μ涓樻瘮涓樻啿绔犮€嬭獚(r猫n)鐐哄煄甯傛槸涓€鍊�(g猫)鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨斧蹇呴爤鎶婂煄甯傜湅鍋氱偤鍦ㄩ€ｇ簩(x霉)鐧�(f膩)灞曡垏璁婂寲鐨勯亷绋嬩腑鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)楂旂郴銆�

(4)鎻愬嚭鍗€(q奴)鍩熷拰鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冩槸鍊�(g猫)鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)閬庣▼锛屼笉鍍呰鍖呮嫭瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑鍒跺畾鑰屼笖涔熻鍖呮嫭瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑瀵�(sh铆)鏂�锛岄€欎竴閬庣▼鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鑳介仼鎳�(y墨ng)鍩庡競閫欏€�(g猫)鏈夋(j墨)楂旂殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍜屾枃鍖栫殑涓嶆柗璁婂寲锛屾洿寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑閬庣▼鎬у拰绯荤当(t菕ng)鎬�;鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冩垚鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)涓嶆柗妯℃摤銆佸(sh铆)韪�銆佸弽楗�銆侀噸鏂版ā鎿殑寰挵(hu谩n)閬庣▼銆�

(5)寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑鍏溇鍙冭垏--鐞嗚珫鍩虹(ch菙)鏄埓琛�(w猫i)澶氬か20涓栫磤(j矛)60骞翠唬 "瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑閬告搰鐞嗚珫"鍜�"鍊″皫(d菐o)鎬ц(gu墨)鍔�"--鍩烘湰鎰忕京鍦ㄤ簬涓嶅悓鐨勪汉鍜屼笉鍚岀殑缇ら珨鍏锋湁涓嶅悓鐨勫児(ji脿)鍊艰锛岃(gu墨)鍔冨斧瑕佽〃閬�(d谩)涓嶅悓鐨勫児(ji脿)鍊煎垽鏂峰苟鐐轰笉鍚岀殑鍒╃泭鍦�(tu谩n)楂旀彁渚涙妧琛�(sh霉)骞姪銆�

(6)銆婇Μ涓樻瘮涓樻啿绔犮€嬩笉鍍呮壙瑾�(r猫n)鍏溇鍙冭垏灏�(du矛)鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑妤电閲嶈鎬�锛岃€屼笖鏇撮€�(j矛n)涓€姝ョ殑鎺ㄩ€�(j矛n)鍏剁櫦(f膩)鑴�锛屾彁鍑猴細鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨繀闋堝缓绔嬪湪鍚勫皥妤�(y猫)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)浜哄摗銆佸煄甯傚眳姘戜互鍙婂叕鐪惧拰鏀挎不闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)涔嬮枔鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勪笉鏂风浉浜掑崝(xi茅)浣滈厤鍚堢殑鍩虹(ch菙)涓�锛屽苟榧撳嫷(l矛)寤虹瓚浣跨敤鑰呭壍(chu脿ng)閫犳€у湴鍙冭垏瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍜屾柦宸ャ€�

銆愪緥椤屻€戙€婇Μ涓樻瘮涓樻啿绔犮€嬫洿寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑(銆€)銆�

A.鏁撮珨鎬с€€B.绯荤当(t菕ng)鎬с€€C.閬庣▼鎬с€€D.鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)鎬�

绛旀锛欳D

3銆佸叐鍊�(g猫)鎲茬珷涔嬮枔鐨勬湁闂�(gu膩n)璁婂寲

銆婇泤鍏告啿绔犮€嬬殑涓诲皫(d菐o)鎬濇兂鏄妸鍩庡競鍜屽煄甯傜殑寤虹瓚鍒嗘垚鑻ュ共绲勬垚閮ㄥ垎;銆婇Μ涓樻瘮涓樻啿绔犮€嬬殑鐩(bi膩o)鏄皣閫欎簺閮ㄥ垎閲嶆柊鏈夋(j墨)绲�(t菕ng)涓€璧蜂締锛屽挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)瀹冨€戜箣闁撶殑鐩镐簰渚濊炒鎬у拰闂�(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)鎬с€�

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銆婇泤鍏告啿绔犮€嬪皣鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冭浣滃皪(du矛)绲傛サ鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鐨勬弿杩�;銆婇Μ涓樻瘮涓樻啿绔犮€嬫洿寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑閬庣▼鎬у拰鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)鎬с€�

鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪悊璜栨杩�

(鍥�)鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪悊璜栨杩�(鐔熸倝)

鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪悊璜栧舰鎴愬拰鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑涓昏鍘熷洜锛氬煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冩槸涓€鍊�(g猫)宸ㄥぇ鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屽儏鎲戞劅瑕烘墍寤虹珛璧蜂締鐨勬劅鎬ц獚(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)渚嗗睍闁嬪伐浣滄槸涓嶉仼瀹滅殑锛岃€岃瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)鍩庡競鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑瑕�(gu墨)寰嬫€�锛岀瀛�(xu茅)鐨勯爯(y霉)娓�(c猫)鍜岄爯(y霉)鎯冲煄甯傜殑鏈締鐧�(f膩)灞曪紝灏卞繀闋堥亱(y霉n)鐢ㄧ悊璜栧拰鐞嗘€ф€濈董锛屼繚璀夊煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪殑绉戝(xu茅)鎬у拰鍚堢悊鎬�锛岄€欎篃鏄煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪悊璜栧舰鎴愮殑涓昏鍘熷洜銆�

鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪悊璜栨秹鍙婂収(n猫i)瀹瑰彲浠ユ绱嶇偤涓夐儴鍒嗭細

鍔熻兘鐞嗚珫锛氬緸鍩庡競绯荤当(t菕ng)鏈韩瑙ｉ噵鍩庡競褰㈡厠(t脿i)鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼互瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鍩庡競鐨勫姛鑳�锛岄€欓€氬父鎸囧煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冨伐浣滀腑鎵€鎳�(y墨ng)閬靛惊鐨勫師鐞�銆�

姹虹瓥鐞嗚珫锛氱郴绲�(t菕ng)鍒嗘瀽鍩庡競鐨勮嚜鐒�銆佺稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)銆佺ぞ鏈�(hu矛)銆佹鍙茬瓑鍥犵礌锛屼互纰哄畾鍩庡競鐨勪富灏�(d菐o)鑱疯兘(鎬ц唱(zh矛))锛屽煄甯傜櫦(f膩)灞曠殑鍙兘瑕�(gu墨)妯″拰鍩庡競鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑鏂瑰悜銆傚寘鎷郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫垎鏋愭柟娉曡珫鍜岀瀛�(xu茅)鐨勬焙绛�銆�

瑕�(gu墨)鑼冪悊璜栵細闂℃槑鍩庡競瑕�(gu墨)鍔冧腑鍍�(ji脿)鍊肩洰妯�(bi膩o)浠ュ強鍜屽煄甯傜┖闁撳舰鎱�(t脿i)涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆備緥濡傚煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冩噳(y墨ng)閬�(d谩)鍒板崁(q奴)鍩熸暣楂斿崝(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)銆佸彲鎸佺簩(x霉)鐧�(f膩)灞�銆佺敓鎱�(t脿i)鍩庡競銆佸叕骞冲叕姝ｄ箣椤炵殑鍍�(ji脿)鍊煎彇鍚�銆�

娉ㄦ剰锛氶€欐槸寰炵悊璜栭珨绯婚€�(j矛n)琛屾椤�锛屽(sh铆)闅涗腑寰€寰€鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍖呮嫭閫欎笁鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰锛岄洊鍚勬湁鍋�(c猫)閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛屼絾涓嶆槸鎴劧鍒嗛枊鐨�銆�

銆愪緥椤屻€戝煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪悊璜栨秹鍙婂収(n猫i)瀹瑰寘鎷�(銆€)銆�

A.鍔熻兘鐞嗚珫銆€B.姹虹瓥鐞嗚珫銆€C.瑷�(j矛)鍔冪悊璜栥€€D.瑕�(gu墨)鑼冪悊璜�

绛旀锛欰BD

1銆佸煄甯傚垎鏁ｇ櫦(f膩)灞曠悊璜�

寤虹珛鍦ㄩ€氶亷寤鸿ō(sh猫)灏忓煄甯備締鍒嗘暎澶у煄甯傜殑鍩虹(ch菙)涔嬩笂锛屼富瑕佺悊璜栧寘鎷敯鍦掑煄甯�銆佽(w猫i)鏄熷煄鍜屾柊鍩庣殑鎬濇兂銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鐤忔暎鐞嗚珫绛�銆�

鐢板湌鍩庡競鐞嗚珫鏄湪1898骞撮湇鑿痉鎻愬嚭鐨�锛屽湪瀵�(sh铆)闅涗腑鍒嗗寲鐐哄叐绋舰寮忥細

鈶犺静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鍦板崁(q奴)鐨勫绔嬪皬鍩庨幃(zh猫n)锛氳静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鍦板崁(q奴)鐨勫绔嬪皬鍩庨幃(zh猫n)锛岃嚜绲﹁嚜瓒筹紝褰笉鎴愬煄甯傜兢;

鈶″煄甯傞儕鍗€(q奴)锛氬彧鑳戒績閫�(j矛n)澶у煄甯傜殑鐒″簭鍦板悜澶栬敁寤�銆�

琛�(w猫i)鏄熷煄(20涓栫磤(j矛)20骞翠唬鎭╂韩鎻愬嚭)

鈶�1924骞存彁鍑哄缓瑷�(sh猫)琛�(w猫i)鏄熷煄鐨勬蹇点€�

鈶″畾缇╋細琛�(w猫i)鏄熷煄鏄竴鍊�(g猫)缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)涓�銆佺ぞ鏈�(hu矛)涓娿€佹枃鍖栦笂鍏锋湁鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傛€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勭崹(d煤)绔嬪煄甯傚柈鍏�锛屼絾鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍙堟槸寰炲爆浜庢煇鍊�(g猫)澶у煄甯傜殑娲剧敓鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�銆�

鈶㈢壒榛�(di菐n)锛氬挤(qi谩ng)鍖栦簡鑸囦腑蹇冨煄甯傜殑渚濊炒闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紝寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)涓績鍩庡競鐨勭枏瑙�銆�

鈶ｅ晱椤岋細涓績鍩庡競鐨勯亷搴︿緷璩达紝閫犳垚瀛愭瘝鍩庝箣闁撲氦閫氬鍔�锛岄洠浠ョ湡姝ｇ枏瑙ｅぇ鍩庡競銆�

鏂板煄(20涓栫磤(j矛)50骞翠唬浠ュ悗鎸夎(gu墨)鍔冭ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)寤鸿ō(sh猫)鐨勬柊鍩庡競锛岀涓変唬琛�(w猫i)鏄熷煄)

鈶犳洿寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐩稿皪(du矛)鐛�(d煤)绔嬫€с€�

鈶″熀鏈笂鏄竴瀹氬崁(q奴)鍩熺殑涓績鍩庡競锛岀偤鍏舵湰韬懆鍦嶇殑鍦板崁(q奴)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛屽苟涓旇垏涓績鍩庡競鐧�(f膩)鐢熺浉浜掍綔鐢�锛屾垚鐐哄煄閹�(zh猫n)楂旂郴涓殑绲勬垚閮ㄥ垎锛屽皪(du矛)娑屽叆澶у煄甯傜殑浜哄彛璧峰埌鎴祦浣滅敤銆�

鏈夋(j墨)鐤忔暎鐞嗚珫(涓嶆槸涓€鍊�(g猫)鍏烽珨鐨勬垨鑰呮妧琛�(sh霉)鎬х殑鎸囧皫(d菐o)鏂规锛岃€屾槸灏�(du矛)鍩庡競鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曞付鏈夊摬鐞嗘€х殑鎬濊€�)

鈶�1942骞存矙閲岃兘銆婂煄甯傦細瀹冪殑鐧�(f膩)灞曘€佽“鏁楀拰鏈締銆�锛岄棞(gu膩n)浜庡煄甯傜櫦(f膩)灞曞強鍏跺竷灞€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閫�(j矛n)琛岃(di脿o)鏁寸殑鐞嗚珫銆�

鈶″皣鍩庡競鍒嗚В鎴愮偤涓€鍊�(g猫)鏃㈢当(t菕ng)涓€鍙堝垎鏁ｇ殑鍩庡競鏈夋(j墨)鏁撮珨锛屽悇閮ㄥ垎褰㈡垚鐩稿皪(du矛)鍗婄崹(d煤)绔嬬殑鍠厓锛屽苟鐢ㄧ稜鍖栧湴甯堕殧闆㈤枊渚�锛屼互楂橀€熶氦閫氱浉鑱�(li谩n)绯�銆傜啊(ji菐n)瑷€涔�锛屽皣鍩庡競鍚勭ó鍔熻兘閬╃暥(d膩ng)闆嗕腑锛屽苟灏囬€欎簺闆嗕腑榛�(di菐n)鍋氭湁姗�(j墨)鐤忔暎銆�

2銆佸煄甯傞泦涓櫦(f膩)灞曠悊璜�

鍩庡競闆嗕腑鐧�(f膩)灞曠悊璜栫殑鍩虹(ch菙)鍦ㄤ簬缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨勮仛闆�銆�(鍩庡競缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鐨勬渶鏍规湰鐗瑰緛涔嬩竴)

鍩庡競鐨勯泦涓櫦(f膩)灞�--鍩庡競鐝�(xi脿n)璞�;澶у煄甯傜櫦(f膩)灞�--涓栫晫鍩庡競銆�

1966骞磋豹鐖俱€婁笘鐣屽煄甯傘€�--涓栫晫澶у煄甯傚湪涓栫晫缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)楂斿埗涓皣鎿�(d膩n)璨�(f霉)璧疯秺渚嗚秺閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢�銆備笘鐣屽煄甯傜壒寰侊細鏀挎不銆佸晢妤�(y猫)銆佷汉鎵�銆佷汉鍙�銆佹枃鍖栧妯備腑蹇�銆�

1986骞村紬閲屽痉鏇笺€婁笘鐣屽煄甯傚亣瑾€嬩腑寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)涓栫晫鍩庡競鐨勫湅(gu贸)闅涘姛鑳芥焙瀹氫簬瑭插煄甯傝垏涓栫晫缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)-楂斿寲鐩歌伅(li谩n)绯荤殑鏂瑰紡鑸囩▼搴︺€�

涓栫晫鍩庡競鐨�7鍊�(g猫)鎸囨(bi膩o)锛氫富瑕侀噾铻嶄腑蹇�銆佽法鍦�(gu贸)鍏徃绺介儴鎵€鍦ㄥ湴銆佸湅(gu贸)闅涙€ф(j墨)妲�(g貌u)闆嗕腑鍦�銆佸晢妤�(y猫)閮ㄩ杸(绗笁鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫))鐨勯珮搴﹀闀�(zh菐ng)銆佷富瑕佺殑鍒堕€犳キ(y猫)涓績(鍏锋湁鍦�(gu贸)闅涙剰缇╃殑鍔犲伐宸ユキ(y猫)绛�)锛屼笘鐣屼氦閫氱殑閲嶈妯炵磹(灏ゅ叾鏄腐鍙ｈ垏鍦�(gu贸)闅涜埅绌烘腐)銆佸煄甯備汉鍙ｉ仈(d谩)鍒颁竴瀹氳(gu墨)妯°€�

鍩庡競鑱氶泦鍗€(q奴)--琚竴缇ゅ瘑闆嗙殑銆侀€ｇ簩(x霉)鐨勮仛灞呭湴鎵€褰㈡垚鐨勮吉寤撶窔鍖呭湇鐨勪汉鍙ｅ眳浣忓崁(q奴)锛屽畠鍜屽煄甯傜殑琛屾斂鐣岄檺涓嶇洝鐩稿悓銆傚湪楂樺害鍩庨幃(zh猫n)鍖栧湴鍗€(q奴)寰€寰€鍖呮嫭涓€鍊�(g猫)浠ヤ笂鐨勫煄甯傘€�

澶у煄甯傚付--娉曞湅(gu贸)鎴堝痉鏇�1957骞存彁鍑�锛屾寚鐨勬槸澶氭牳蹇冪殑鍩庡競閫ｇ犊鍗€(q奴)锛屼汉鍙ｇ殑涓嬮檺鏄�2500钀汉锛屼汉鍙ｅ瘑搴︾偤姣忓钩鏂瑰叕閲岃嚦灏�250浜恒€傚鎴戝湅(gu贸)鐨勯暦(zh菐ng)姹熶笁瑙掓床鍦板崁(q奴)銆佺彔姹熶笁瑙掓床鍦板崁(q奴)銆佷含娲ュ攼鍦板崁(q奴)绛�銆�

銆愪緥椤屻€戝紬閲屽痉鏇笺€婁笘鐣屽煄甯傚亣瑾€嬫湁(銆€)鎸囨(bi膩o)銆�

A.涓昏鐨勯噾铻嶄腑蹇�

B.璺ㄥ湅(gu贸)鍏徃绺介儴鎵€鍦ㄥ湴

C.鍗€(q奴)鍩熸€ф(j墨)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯泦涓湴

D.鍟嗘キ(y猫)閮ㄩ杸(绗笁鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫))鐨勯珮搴﹀闀�(zh菐ng)

E.涓昏鐨勫埗閫犳キ(y猫)涓績(鍏锋湁鍦�(gu贸)闅涙剰缇╃殑鍔犲伐宸ユキ(y猫)绛�)

绛旀锛欰BDE

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A.鎭╂韩琛�(w猫i)鏄熷煄鐞嗚珫

B.浼悏鏂悓蹇冨湏鐞嗚珫

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D.闇嶄紛鐗规墖褰㈢悊璜�

绛旀锛欱CD

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