4.2 鍙楀綆妲�(g貌u)浠舵鎴潰鍙楀綆鐨勫彈鍔涘叏閬庣▼

4.2.1 閬╃瓔姊佹鎴潰鍙楀綆鐨勪笁鍊嬪彈鍔涢殠娈�

1. 閬╃瓔姊佹鎴潰鍙楀綆鎵胯級鍔涚殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)

(1) 瑭﹂(y脿n)姊�

鍙楀綆妲�(g貌u)浠舵鎴潰鍙楀綆鐮村褰㈡厠(t脿i)鑸囩副鍚戝彈鎷夐嫾绛嬮厤绛嬬巼鏈夐棞(gu膩n)銆傜暥(d膩ng)鍙楀綆妲�(g貌u)浠舵鎴潰鍏�(n猫i)閰嶇疆鐨勭副鍚戝彈鎷夐嫾绛嬭兘浣垮叾姝ｆ埅闈㈠彈褰庣牬澹炲舰鎱�(t脿i)灞簬寤舵€х牬澹為鍨嬫檪锛岀ū鐐洪仼绛嬫銆�

鍦�4-4鐐轰竴娣峰嚌鍦熻ō(sh猫)瑷堝挤(qi谩ng)搴︾瓑绱氱偤C25鐨勯嫾绛嬫贩鍑濆湡绨℃敮姊�銆傜偤娑堥櫎鍓姏灏嶆鎴潰鍙楀綆鐨勫奖闊匡紝閲囩敤鍏╅粸(di菐n)灏嶇ū鍔犺級鏂瑰紡锛屼娇鍏╁€嬪皪绋遍泦涓姏涔嬮枔鐨勬埅闈�锛屽湪蹇界暐鑷噸鐨勬儏娉佷笅锛屽彧鍙楃磾褰庣煩鑰岀劇鍓姏锛岀ū鐐虹磾褰庡崁(q奴)娈�銆傚湪闀峰害鐐篖0/3鐨勭磾褰庡崁(q奴)娈靛竷缃剙琛紝浠ヨ瀵熷姞杓夊悗姊佺殑鍙楀姏鍏ㄩ亷绋�銆傝嵎杓夋槸閫愮礆鏂藉姞鐨�锛岀敱闆堕枊濮嬬洿鑷虫姝ｆ埅闈㈠彈褰庣牬澹�銆�

(2) 閬╃瓔姊佹鎴潰鍙楀綆鐨勪笁鍊嬮殠娈�

鍦�4-5涓副鍧愭(bi膩o)鐐烘璺ㄤ腑鎴潰鐨勫綆鐭╁(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍊糓0 ,姗潗妯�(bi膩o)鐐烘璺ㄤ腑鎴潰鏇茬巼瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍊糺0?锛熸ⅱ濮＄悎0 — j0闂�(gu膩n)绯绘洸绶氫笂鏈夊叐鍊嬫槑椤殑杞�(zhu菐n)鎶橀粸(di菐n)C鍜寉锛屾晠閬╃瓔姊佹鎴潰鍙楀綆鐨勫叏閬庣▼鍙妰鍒嗙偤涓夊€嬮殠娈� — 鏈闅庢銆佽绺殠娈靛拰鐮村闅庢銆�

1)绗厾闅庢锛氭贩鍑濆湡闁嬭鍓嶇殑鏈闅庢

鍓涢枊濮嬪姞杓夋檪锛岀敱浜庡綆鐭╁緢灏�锛屾贩鍑濆湡鍩烘湰涓婅檿浜庡綀鎬у伐浣滈殠娈碉紝鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涜垏鎳�(y墨ng)璁婃垚姝ｆ瘮锛屽彈澹撳崁(q奴)鍜屽彈鎷夊崁(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熸噳(y墨ng)鍔涘垎甯冨湒褰㈢偤涓夎褰�銆傝鍦�4-6 (a)銆�

鍦ㄥ綆鐭╁鍔犲埌M0cr 鏅�锛屽彈澹撳崁(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熷熀鏈笂铏曚簬褰堟€у伐浣滈殠娈�锛屽彈澹撳崁(q奴)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涘湒褰㈡帴杩戜笁瑙掑舰;鑰屽彈鎷夊崁(q奴)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涘湒褰㈠墖鍛堟洸绶氬垎甯�,鍙楁媺鍗€(q奴)閭婄罚绾栫董鐨勬噳(y墨ng)璁婂€煎嵆灏囧埌閬�(d谩)娣峰嚌鍦熺殑妤甸檺鎷夋噳(y墨ng)璁婂€�锛屾埅闈㈤亗铏曚簬鍗冲皣闁嬭鐙€鎱�(t脿i)锛岀ū鐐虹鈪犻殠娈垫湯锛岀敤鈪燼琛ㄧず銆傝鍦�4-6(b)銆�

鐢变簬鍙楁媺鍗€(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熷鎬х殑鐧�(f膩)灞�锛屸厾a 闅庢鏅備腑鍜岃桓鐨勪綅缃瘮绗厾闅庢鍒濇湡鐣ユ湁涓婂崌銆傜鈪犻殠娈电殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鏄�: 鈶犳贩鍑濆湡娌掓湁闁嬭;鈶″彈澹撳崁(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熺殑鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涘湒褰㈡槸鐩寸窔锛屽彈鎷夊崁(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熺殑鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涘湒褰㈠湪绗厾闅庢鍓嶆湡鏄洿绶�锛屽悗鏈熸槸鏇茬窔;鈶㈠綆鐭╄垏鎴潰鏇茬巼鍩烘湰涓婃槸鐩寸窔闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�

鈪燼 闅庢鍙綔鐐哄彈褰庢(g貌u)浠舵姉瑁傚害鐨勮▓绠椾緷鎿�(j霉)銆�

2) 绗叀闅庢锛氭贩鍑濆湡闁嬭鍚庤嚦閶肩瓔灞堟湇鍓嶇殑瑁傜斧闅庢

M0>M0cr,鏅�锛屽湪绱斿綆娈垫姉鎷夎兘鍔涙渶钖勫急鐨勬煇涓€鎴潰铏曪紝灏囬鍏堝嚭鐝�(xi脿n)绗竴姊濊绺�銆佹鍗崇敱绗厾闅庢杞�(zhu菐n)鍏ョ偤绗叀闅庢宸ヤ綔銆�

瑁傜斧鍑虹従(xi脿n)鏅傛鐨勬挀搴﹀拰鎴潰鏇茬巼閮界獊鐒跺澶�锛岃绺埅闈㈣檿鐨勪腑鍜岃桓浣嶇疆涔熷皣闅ㄤ箣涓婄Щ銆傚湪涓拰杌镐互涓嬭绺皻鏈欢浼稿埌鐨勯儴浣�锛屾贩鍑濆湡闆栫劧浠嶅彲鎵垮彈涓€灏忛儴鍒嗘媺鍔�锛屼絾鍙楁媺鍗€(q奴)鐨勬媺鍔涗富瑕佺敱閶肩瓔鎵挎摂(d膩n)銆傝鍦�4-6(c)銆�

褰庣煩鍐嶅澶э紝涓昏绺枊灞曡秺渚嗚秺瀵�锛屽彈澹撳崁(q奴)鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涘湒褰㈠憟鏇茬窔璁婂寲銆傜暥(d膩ng)褰庣煩绻肩簩(x霉)澧炲ぇ鍒板彈鎷夐嫾绛嬫噳(y墨ng)鍔涘嵆灏囧埌閬�(d谩)灞堟湇寮�(qi谩ng)搴0y鏅�锛岀ū鐐虹鈪￠殠娈垫湯锛岀敤鈪琛ㄧず銆傝鍦�4-6(d)銆�

绗叀闅庢鏄埅闈㈡贩鍑濆湡瑁傜斧鐧�(f膩)鐢熴€侀枊灞曠殑闅庢锛屽湪姝ら殠娈典腑姊佹槸甯惰绺伐浣滅殑銆傚叾鍙楀姏鐗归粸(di菐n)鏄細鈶犲湪瑁傜斧鎴潰铏曪紝鍙楁媺鍗€(q奴)澶ч儴鍒嗘贩鍑濆湡閫€鍑哄伐浣�锛屾媺鍔涗富瑕佺敱绺卞悜鍙楁媺閶肩瓔鎵挎摂(d膩n)锛屼絾閶肩瓔娌掓湁灞堟湇;鈶″彈澹撳崁(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熷凡鏈夊鎬ц畩褰�锛屼絾涓嶅厖鍒嗭紝澹撴噳(y墨ng)鍔涘湒褰㈢偤鍙湁涓婂崌娈电殑鏇茬窔;鈶㈠綆鐭╄垏鎴潰鏇茬巼鏄洸绶氶棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屾埅闈㈡洸鐜囪垏鎾撳害鐨勫闀峰姞蹇簡銆�

闅庢鈪＄浉鐣�(d膩ng)浜庢浣跨敤鏅傜殑鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涚媭鎱�(t脿i)锛屽彲浣滅偤浣跨敤闅庢椹�(y脿n)绠楄畩褰㈠拰瑁傜斧闁嬪睍瀵害鐨勪緷鎿�(j霉)銆�

3)绗參闅庢锛氶嫾绛嬮枊濮嬪眻鏈嶈嚦鎴潰鐮村鐨勭牬澹為殠娈�

绺卞悜鍙楁媺閶肩瓔灞堟湇鍚�锛屾鎴潰灏遍€�(j矛n)鍏ョ鈪㈤殠娈靛伐浣�銆�

閶肩瓔灞堟湇锛屼腑鍜岃桓绻肩簩(x霉)涓婄Щ锛屽彈澹撳崁(q奴)楂樺害閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ笡灏�锛屽彈澹撳崁(q奴)澹撴噳(y墨ng)鍔涘湒褰㈡洿瓒ㄨ睈婊�銆傚綆鐭╁啀澧炲ぇ鐩磋嚦妤甸檺褰庣煩瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍊糓0u鏅�锛岀ū鐐虹鈪㈤殠娈垫湯锛岀敤鈪琛ㄧず銆傛鏅傦紝閭婄罚绾栫董澹撴噳(y墨ng)璁婂埌閬�(d谩)(鎴栨帴杩�)娣峰嚌鍦熺殑妤甸檺澹撴噳(y墨ng)璁婂(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍊�ε0cu锛屾(bi膩o)蹇楄憲鎴潰宸查枊濮嬬牬澹炪€傝鍦�4-6(e)銆�

鍦ㄧ鈪㈤殠娈垫暣鍊嬮亷绋嬩腑锛岄嫾绛嬫墍鎵垮彈鐨勭附鎷夊姏澶ц嚧淇濇寔涓嶈畩锛屼絾鐢变簬涓拰杌搁€愭涓婄Щ锛屽収(n猫i)鍔涜噦z鐣ユ湁澧炲姞锛屾晠鎴潰妤甸檺褰庣煩M0u鐣ュぇ浜庡眻鏈嶅綆鐭㎝0y?锛熸ⅱ濮峰問绠匒娈垫槸鎴潰鐨勭牬澹為殠娈�锛岀牬澹炲浜庣副鍚戝彈鎷夐嫾绛嬪眻鏈�锛岀祩绲�(ji茅)浜庡彈澹撳崁(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熷纰�銆傚叾鍙楀姏鐗归粸(di菐n)鏄細鈶犵副鍚戝彈鎷夐嫾绛嬪眻鏈�锛屾媺鍔涗繚鎸佺偤甯稿€�;瑁傜斧鎴潰铏曪紝鍙楁媺鍗€(q奴)澶ч儴鍒嗘贩鍑濆湡宸查€€鍑哄伐浣�锛屽彈澹撳崁(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熷鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涙洸绶氬湒褰㈡瘮杓冭睈婊匡紝鏈変笂鍗囨鏇茬窔锛屼篃鏈変笅闄嶆鏇茬窔;鈶＄敱浜庡彈澹撳崁(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熷悎澹撳姏浣滅敤榛�(di菐n)澶栫Щ浣垮収(n猫i)鍔涜噦澧炲ぇ锛屾晠褰庣煩閭勭暐鏈夊鍔�;鈶㈠彈澹撳崁(q奴)閭婄罚娣峰嚌鍦熷鎳�(y墨ng)璁婇仈(d谩)鍒板叾妤甸檺澹撴噳(y墨ng)璁婂(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍊�ε0cu鏅�锛屾贩鍑濆湡琚纰�锛屾埅闈㈢牬澹�;鈶ｅ綆鐭╀竴鏇茬巼闂�(gu膩n)绯荤偤鎺ヨ繎姘村钩鐨勬洸绶�銆�

绗參闅庢鏈�(鈪 )鍙綔鐐烘鎴潰鍙楀綆鎵胯級鍔涜▓绠楃殑渚濇摎(j霉)銆�

(3) 閬╃瓔姊佹鎴潰鍙楀綆鐨勪笁鍊嬪彈鍔涢殠娈电殑涓昏鐗归粸(di菐n)

4.2.2 姝ｆ埅闈㈠彈褰庣殑涓夌ó鐮村褰㈡厠(t脿i)

瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)琛ㄦ槑锛岀敱浜庣副鍚戝彈鎷夐嫾绛嬮厤绛嬬櫨鍒嗙巼ρ鐨勪笉鍚�锛屽彈褰庢(g貌u)浠舵鎴潰鍙楀綆鐮村褰㈡厠(t脿i)鏈夐仼绛嬬牬澹炪€佽秴绛嬬牬澹炲拰灏戠瓔鐮村涓夌ó锛屽鍦�4-8鎵€绀恒€傞€欎笁绋牬澹炲舰鎱�(t脿i)鐨凪0 — j0鏇茬窔濡傚湒4-9鎵€绀�銆傝垏閫欎笁绋牬澹炲舰鎱�(t脿i)鐩稿皪鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬绋辩偤閬╃瓔姊併€佽秴绛嬫鍜屽皯绛嬫銆�

(a) 閬╃瓔鐮村;(b) 瓒呯瓔鐮村;(c) 灏戠瓔鐮村

1. 閬╃瓔鐮村褰㈡厠(t脿i)(ρmin≤ρ≤ρb)

鍏剁壒榛�(di菐n)鏄副鍚戝彈鎷夐嫾绛嬪厛灞堟湇锛屽彈澹撳崁(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熼毃鍚庡纰�銆傞€欓噷ρmin銆�ρb 鍒嗗垾鐐虹副鍚戝彈鎷夐嫾绛嬬殑鏈€灏忛厤绛嬬巼銆佺晫闄愰厤绛嬬巼銆�

鐮村濮嬭嚜鍙楁媺鍗€(q奴)閶肩瓔鐨勫眻鏈嶏紝鐢变簬閶肩瓔瑕佺稉(j墨ng)姝疯純澶х殑濉戞€ц畩褰�锛岄毃涔嬪紩璧疯绺€ュ妵闁嬪睍鍜屾鎾撳害鐨勬縺澧烇紝瀹冨皣绲︿汉浠ユ槑椤殑鐮村闋�(y霉)鍏�锛屽爆浜庡欢鎬х牬澹為鍨�銆�

2. 瓒呯瓔鐮村褰㈡厠(t脿i)( ρ>ρb )

鍏剁壒榛�(di菐n)鏄贩鍑濆湡鍙楀鍗€(q奴)鍏堝纰庯紝绺卞悜鍙楁媺閶肩瓔涓嶅眻鏈�銆�

鐮村濮嬭嚜娣峰嚌鍦熷彈澹撳崁(q奴)鍏堝纰庯紝绺卞悜鍙楁媺閶肩瓔鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涘皻灏忎簬灞堟湇寮�(qi谩ng)搴�锛屼絾姝ゆ檪姊佸凡鍛婄牬澹炪€傝│椹�(y脿n)琛ㄦ槑锛岄嫾绛嬪湪姊佺牬澹炲墠浠嶈檿浜庡綀鎬у伐浣滈殠娈碉紝瑁傜斧闁嬪睍涓嶅锛屽欢浼镐笉楂橈紝姊佺殑鎾撳害浜︿笉澶�锛屽鍦�4-9鎵€绀�?锛熷倞顓侯儲顝熻穵]鏈夋槑椤爯(y霉)鍏嗙殑鎯呮硜涓嬬敱浜庡彈澹撳崁(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熻澹撶鑰岀獊鐒剁牬澹�锛屾晠灞簬鑴嗘€х牬澹為鍨�銆�

瓒呯瓔姊侀洊閰嶇疆閬庡鐨勫彈鎷夐嫾绛嬶紝浣嗙敱浜庢鐮村鏅傚叾鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涗綆浜庡眻鏈嶅挤(qi谩ng)搴�锛屼笉鑳藉厖鍒嗙櫦(f膩)鎻綔鐢�锛岄€犳垚閶兼潗鐨勬氮璨�(f猫i)銆傞€欎笉鍍呬笉缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)锛屼笖鐮村鍓嶆矑鏈夐爯(y霉)鍏嗭紝鏁呰ō(sh猫)瑷堜腑涓嶅厑瑷遍噰鐢ㄨ秴绛嬫銆�

3锛屽皯绛嬬牬澹炲舰鎱�(t脿i)(ρ<ρmin

鍏剁壒榛�(di菐n)鏄彈鎷夊崁(q奴)娣锋贩鍑濆湡涓€瑁傚氨鐠�(hu谩n)銆�

鐮村濮嬭嚜鍙楁媺鍗€(q奴)娣峰嚌鍦熸媺瑁�锛屾鐮村鏅傜殑妤甸檺褰庣煩M0u灏忎簬闁嬭褰庣煩M0cr銆傛閰嶇瓔鐜�ρ瓒婂皬锛孧0u - M0cr鐨勫樊鍊艰秺澶�;ρ瓒婂ぇ(浣嗕粛鍦ㄥ皯绛嬫鑼冨湇鍏�(n猫i))锛孧0u - M0cr鐨勫樊鍊艰秺灏�銆侻0u - M0cr =0鏅傦紝寰炲師鍓囦笂璎�锛屽畠灏辨槸灏戠瓔姊佽垏閬╃瓔姊佺殑鐣岄檺銆傞€欐檪鐨勯厤绛嬬巼灏辨槸閬╃瓔鐮存渶灏忛厤绛嬬巼ρmin鐨勭悊璜栧€�銆傚湪閫欑ó鐗瑰畾閰嶇瓔鎯呮硜涓�锛屾涓€鏃﹂枊瑁傞嫾绛嬫噳(y墨ng)鍔涚珛鍗抽仈(d谩)鍒板眻鏈嶅挤(qi谩ng)搴︺€�

鍦�4-10鐐哄皯绛嬫鐨凪0 — j0鏇茬窔銆傜敱鍦栧彲瑕�锛屾鐮村鏅傜殑妤甸檺褰庣煩M0u 灏忎簬闁嬭褰庣煩M0cr 銆傚皯绛嬫涓€鏃﹂枊瑁�锛屽彈鎷夐嫾绛嬬珛鍗抽仈(d谩)鍒板眻鏈嶅挤(qi谩ng)搴�锛屾湁鏅傚彲杩呴€熺稉(j墨ng)姝锋暣鍊嬫祦骞呰€岄€�(j矛n)浜哄挤(qi谩ng)鍖栭殠娈�锛屽湪鍊嬪垾鎯呮硜涓�锛岄嫾绛嬬敋鑷冲彲鑳借鎷夋柗銆�

灏戠瓔姊佺牬澹炴檪锛岃绺線寰€鍙湁涓€姊�锛屼笉鍍呴枊灞曞搴﹀緢澶э紝涓旀部姊侀珮寤朵几杓冮珮銆傚悓鏅傚畠鐨勬壙杓夊姏鍙栨焙浜庢贩鍑濆湡鐨勬姉鎷夊挤(qi谩ng)搴�锛屽爆浜庤剢鎬х牬澹為鍨�锛屾晠鍦ㄥ湡鏈ㄥ伐绋嬩腑涓嶅厑瑷遍噰鐢�銆�

4. 閬╃瓔鐮村褰㈡厠(t脿i)鐗逛緥 —— “鐣岄檺鐮村”(ρ=ρb)

閶肩瓔鎳�(y墨ng)鍔涘埌閬�(d谩)灞堟湇寮�(qi谩ng)搴︾殑鍚屾檪鍙楀鍗€(q奴)閭婄罚绾栫董鎳�(y墨ng)璁婁篃鎭板ソ鍒伴仈(d谩)娣峰嚌鍦熷彈褰庢檪妤甸檺澹撴噳(y墨ng)璁婂€硷紝閫欑ó鐮村褰㈡厠(t脿i)鍙�“鐣岄檺鐮村”銆傚嵆閬╃瓔姊佽垏瓒呯瓔姊佺殑鐣岄檺銆傜晫闄愮牬澹炰篃灞簬寤舵€х牬澹為鍨�锛屾墍浠ョ晫闄愰厤绛嬬殑姊佷篃灞簬閬╃瓔姊佺殑鑼冨湇锛屽湪鍦嬪澶氱ū涔嬬偤“骞宠　閰嶇瓔姊�”?锛熸ⅱ?锛屾鐨勯厤绛嬫噳(y墨ng)婊胯冻ρmin·h/h0≤ρ≤ρb鐨勮姹�銆傛敞鎰忥紝閫欓噷鐢�ρmin·h/h0鑰屼笉鐢�ρmin锛屾槸ρmin鏄寜As / bh渚嗗畾缇╃殑锛岃闄勮〃5-6鐨勬敞3銆�

“鐣岄檺鐮村”鐨勬锛屽湪瀵�(sh铆)闅涗腑鏄緢闆ｅ仛鍒扮殑銆傚洜?y脿n)妤窶绠″毚(y谩n)鏍肩殑鎺у埗鏂藉伐涓婄殑璩�(zh矛)閲忓拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ潗鏂�锛屼絾瀵�(sh铆)闅涘挤(qi谩ng)搴︿篃鏈冨拰瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟檪鎵€闋�(y霉)鏈熺殑鏈夋墍涓嶅悓銆�